It seems that 1 Timothy and Titus were written close together before Paul's re-arrest. However, scholars say that both epistles addressed to "That being said, it is important to note that there are other scholars who argue in favor of Pauline authorship and a farewell testament genre for 2 Timothy. Conybeare and Howson, in their book The Life and Epistles of St. Paul, date Pauls death as May or June 68. Timothy was the son of a *Gentile father and a *Jewish mother. This imprisonment was after the one recorded in Acts 28. 2:14-18, 23; 3:1-9, 13). Letters of Paul to Timothy, also called Epistles of St. Paul the Apostle to Timothy, abbreviation Timothy, either of two New Testament writings addressed to St. Timothy, one of St. Paul the Apostles most faithful coworkers. are not sufficient to overthrow the evidence, both external and internal, which authenticates them as genuine letters addressed by the apostle Paul to Timothy and Titus (John R.W. Nevertheless, God delivered him from these adversities. Background Setting: Paul was released from his first Roman imprisonment for a short period of ministry during which he wrote 1 Timothy and Titus. Paul encourages Timothy to continue in faithfulness and offers his own life as an example for Timothy to follow. WebPaul wrote 2 Timothy, the last of his inspired letters, shortly before his martyrdom (ca. Is translated into English to mean husband of one wife or a one woman man. But when Paul was only speaking about women, in 1 Timothy 5:9 (in the context of enrolled widows, a church order), he used a flipped form of the idiom, in effect, wife of one husband. And these women were definitely not married. Then Paul biblical literature: The Pastoral Letters as a unit, This article was most recently revised and updated by, St. Pauls Contributions to the New Testament, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Letters-of-Paul-to-Timothy, EWTN - The First Epistle of St. Paul to Timothy, Wesley Center Online - St. Paul's First Epistle to Timothy. for he cannot deny himself. Paul [13], Based on the traditional view that 2 Timothy was Paul's final epistle, chapter 4 talks (v. 10) about how Demas, formerly considered a "fellow worker", had deserted him for Thessalonica, "having loved this present world". Imperial persecution was on those who followed the Christian way of life, and no doubt such a renowned figure as Paul was closely guarded. WebNow he waited to be crowned in heaven for his service. However, it is understandably more difficult to see this possible inclusion when the words being used are husband/ man and wife/ woman.. [5], The language and ideas of 2 Timothy are notably different from the other two pastoral epistles yet similar to the later Pauline epistles, especially the ones he wrote in captivity. 2 Timothy Second Timothy, however, finds Paul once again in a Roman prison (1:16; 2:9), apparently rearrested as part of Neros persecution of Christians. Become a Patron! Timothy co-authored 6 New Tesetament letters Traditionally, 2 Timothy has been believed to have been written by Paul while imprisoned in Rome. False teachers are those who claim to be teaching about Jesus Christ and the gospel but are not actually from Him. Timothy, Pauls WebTradition has it that Timothy was about sixteen years old when he and his mother were converted to Christianity. While the importance of obeying Gods words of instruction is emphasized throughout the Bible, Paul next addresses the fact that the Bible is a special book unlike any other. Weighing the salutation of Paul's Second Letter to Timothy to discover hidden gems. --A prisoner in chains and, as he tells us further on in the Epistle, expecting death, and yet he still could write and pray and speak from his narrow prison. For that to be the case, however, we must hold fast to what we have been given. (2Ti 2:7, 20-23; 4:1-5) Paul urges Timothy to visit him soon and to bring him some necessary items.2Ti 4:9, 13, 21. Only Luke is with me. Wiki User 2009-10-17 20:34:17 Baker Academic. Madigan and Osiek (eds. Finally, as always, Paul looks as always to his Savior, who will not let him down and who will deliver him to the Kingdom. Its meaning is what concern is it of yours, or more colloquially, but not disrespectfully, its none of your business. In the Roman world, there was a virtue that in Latin was called univira. In fact, overseers in the early decades of the church (circa 4080) were probably relatively wealthy householders who hosted and cared for congregations that met in their own homes for all kinds of meetings and activities. Dont let the world around you squeeze you into its own mold (Romans 12:2, J.B. Phillips Translation). 2 Timothy contains one of Paul's Christological Hymns in 2:1113: It is a faithful saying: 16:35). Every Christian is called to be different from the world. Pauls Qualifications for Church Leaders (1 Timothy 3) 144. 1:3). He never refers to any one of his ministry coworkers as an elder or a pastor either. Here is one way to outline Pauls second letter to Timothy: 1:6-14: The need for courage and faithfulness. WebPaul wrote 2 Timothy from prison, probably during a second Roman imprisonment ( 2 Tim. All may draw lessons from this very personal letter from one of Gods greatest servants. Such behavior leads to corruption of the members and an attack against the truth. After Pauls release from his first imprisonment in Rome in AD 61 or 62, and after his final missionary journey (probably into Spain), he was again imprisoned under Emperor Nero c. Timothy had known Paul from his youth, and Paul was like a spiritual father to him, so it seems Pauls use of but as for you would have had personal power that went to Timothys heart. In these last words, Paul is asking Timothy to do his duty in spite of his dire situation. False teachers are often self-proclaimed, confident in their teachings. Those who regard the epistles as deutero-Pauline (in the tradition of Paul but not written by him) usually date them to between 80 and 100 ce. Dr. Olankunbi O. Olasope has written about the ancient evidence surrounding univira in a paper that can be read on the Academia.edu website here: Univira: The Ideal Roman Matrona. From an early age, Timothy put his faith in the Lord (Acts 16:1; 2 Tim. They were active in the churches Paul established, and were bringing in elements of the Law that did not fit with the Gospel. He probably The word heteros means a different kind in contrast to orthodoxy, or good teaching. The Salutation. For God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power and of love and of a sound mind (2 Timothy 1:7). They will help Timothy stand firm against false teachers and completely equip him for his ministry, both inside and outside the congregation.2Ti 2:15; 3:14-17; 4:2,5. WebPaul, author of 2 Timothy and at least 12 other New Testament books, church planter, evangelist, missionary, and perhaps the greatest of all the apostles 2. Sign up to receive the week's latest articles, blog posts andupdates. The First Letter of Paul to Timothy insists on the need to shun unorthodox teachings and dangerous speculations and reiterates the qualities expected of bishops pp. This prison time coincided with the persecution of Christians under Paul sums up his life of some 30 years of service to God and Christ in verses 6-8 as he looks forward to the resurrection to eternal life and to receiving his reward when Christ returns to establish His Kingdom. All Rights Reserved. He had been given a preliminary hearing, at which he had received no support ( 2 Tim. He told Timothy to command false teachers, just as he would a soldier. Grace be with you. The word you is in the plural and shows us that this message extends from Timothy to the whole Church. In verse 7 he wrote one of the most powerful and descriptive verses in the Bible about the Holy Spirit. Print subscriptions available in U.S., Canada and Europe. As already noted, this second letter to Timothy was then probably written in 66 or 67. He wrote this second letter to Timothy from a prison in Rome. WebWhen Paul wrote 2 Timothy, he was in his second Roman imprisonment, after writing 1 Timothy and Titus. And I suggest the only thing that stops us from recognising that Priscilla and her husband were senior leaders in these churches is prejudice because of Priscillas sex and a faulty understanding of a few, a very few, New Testament verses. Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 If your gift is prophesying,then prophesy in accordance with your faith;if it is serving [or, ministering], then serve; if it is teaching, then teach;if it is to encourage [or, to exhort], then give encouragement;if it is giving, then give generously;if it is to lead,do it diligently; if it is to show mercy, do it cheerfully.[8]. It also demonstrates that hes grateful for the gospel he received from God through Christ. Elder Richard Exploring the biblical theology of Christian egalitarianism, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Pauls Theology of Ministry: 1 Timothy 2:12, Pauls Theology of Ministry: 1 Tim. Your email address will not be published. To Timothy, my beloved child: Grace, mercy and peace from God the 4. The younger man surely drew much encouragement from Pauls example.2Ti 1:8, 12; 2:3, 8-13; 3:10, 11. In such a time, Pauls memories of Timothys sincerity and devotion are especially touching (1:35). 3:10 through 4:5: Pauls encouragement to preach the Word in spite of coming persecution. And none of his statements should be used to limit, discourage, or wound our capable sisters in Christ. November 20, 2018. Also, dont be misled by any masculine pronouns in English translations of 1 Timothy 3:17. Acts 20:29-30 ). Stott, A soldier endures hardship and is willing to lay down his life (, The athlete trains hard and wants to win (, The farmer has to work hard and be patient (, to suffer for it (because it is a stumbling block to the proud), to continue in it (because it is the truth of God), to proclaim it (because it is good news of salvation) (. Paul uses his favourite ministry terms for men such as Timothy and Silas, and also for women such as Priscilla, Euodia, Syntyche, Apphia, Phoebe, Junia, Persis, and others. 1:2 ), undoubtedly during his ministry in Lystra on his first missionary journey ( Acts 14:623 ). In that chronology, Paul received Timothy on his team in 49-50 AD. Paul hoped that Timothy would not become a false teacher, but would remain true to his principles. The evidence is made up entirely by deceitful nerds fascinated by the fo, Continue Learning about Religious Studies. None of Pauls statements about women in his letters, when understood in their context, restricts the ministry of godly and gifted women. It is a very personal final letter. Weekly podcast with Timothy Henry and Raj Sisodia, co-founders of the Conscious Capitalism movement and co-authors of Conscious Capitalism - The Field Guide on business news, current topics, conscious entrepreneurship, and leadership. How do we know that this is in reference to marriage? Hi Sarah, Looking up English definitions of Greek words in a dictionary is a small part of reading and understanding Greek. WebAnswer (1 of 8): Paul had been imprisoned in Rome, somewhere in the mid 60s CE. Then there follow warnings to Timothy that people will all too soon turn away from the truth to fables or myths. Of course for Christians, this would include 2 Timothy, as well as the rest of the pastoral epistles. Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, While bound in shackles and awaiting execution ( 2 Tim 2:9; 3:6) Paul wrote his last existing letter to his most loyal friend and companion, Timothy. There is not a shred of evidence that Paul did not write these epistles. Paul did not want Timothy to drift away from the truth, as Phygellus and Hermogenes had done ( 1:15 ). Several people have abandoned Paul while he has been in prison, and several others are away on assignments (1:15; 4:912). [8][9][5] Some scholars refer to the assumedly pseudonymous author as "the Pastor". Univira applied to (deceased) women who had been married only once and also to widows who had chosen not to marry after their first husband had died. The author of the letter tells Timothy that he is nearing death, so he urges him to continue to be faithful to the faith. He asks for prayers from the Thessalonians. The law of the Church and the precept of the Apostle [Paul] show clearly how prejudicial second marriages are to the faith and how great an obstacle to holiness. Thomas Schreiner, Philip Payne on Familiar Ground: A Review of Philip B. Payne, Man and Woman, One in Christ: An Exegetical and Theological Study of Pauls Letters. The Journal of Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 15.1 (Spring 2010): 3346, 35. (), / Gychi Konknni, Srpskohrvatski / , Justin Paley. Hence, sound teaching and conduct are essential to Christian faith. Which is a nice way of saying they absolutely could not have been written by Paul, but were written in his name by followers of Paul after he died. He is happily married to his wife of over50 years, Jane. The First Book of Timothy is one of three letters in the New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the pastoral epistles, along with Second Timothy and Titus. WebAfter sending Timothy off from Ephesus to deliver the letter of 1 Corinthians, Paul, in his concern for the church, made a quick visit of his own to Corinth. A.D. 67). It was a time of unrest for many reasons. 1. WebIn 1Timothy, Paul instructed Timothy to remain on at Ephesus in order to deal with false teachers (1 Timothy 1:3); in 2 Timothy, Paul tells Timothy he is sending Tychicus to Pauls overall theology of ministry was, You have a gift; use it to build up others in the Lord! While he was en route to Lystra, Timothys home town, he had to deal with people who hated the Gospel. We can imagine that if we read, say a pilots manual from 100 or even 70 years ago, or a book written for lawyers, there will not be inclusive language. Paul clearly anticipates his being put to death and realities beyond in his valedictory found in 2 Timothy 4:68: "For I am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure is at hand. Many leaders in the early church were single and celibate. WebPaul possibly went to Spain, probably by sea, in A.D. 64 and 65. (2010). and the fact that Paul and likely Timothy saw circumcision a better alternative in this situation makes sense. 3. Get the latest blog posts from Life, Hope & Truth straight to yourinbox. Thank you Marg. The Second Epistle to Timothy[a] is one of the three pastoral epistles traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle. There wasnt a gender-inclusive way to render this idiom, however; so in 1 Timothy 3:2 (in the context of overseers), in 1 Timothy 3:12 (in the context of deacons),[7] and in Titus 1:6 (in the context of elders), Paul wrote, husband (or, husbands) of one wife.. His favourite words for ministers who he identifies by name are: coworker Eusebius' Historical Ecclesiastical History 2:22:1-8, states that Paul was released from Roman imprisonment B. Pauls thanks to God in 2 Timothy shows his faith in God and his willingness to endure hardships in the ministry. Summary of the Book of 2 TimothyAuthor: 2 Timothy 1:1 identifies the author of the Book of 2 Timothy as the apostle Paul.Date of Writing: The Book of 2 Timothy was written in approximately A.D. Purpose of Writing: Imprisoned in Rome yet again, the apostle Paul felt lonely and abandoned. More items Modern-day Bible scholars are largely skeptics and fond of ambiguity and uncertainty. The warning against false teachers is the first of many in the Book of 2 Timothy. In the summer of 66 he returned to Ephesus in Asia Minor and left Timothy in charge (1 Tim. WebPaul wrote 2 Timothy, the last of his inspired letters, shortly before his martyrdom (ca. Web2 Timothy 1 Pauls Greeting to Timothy ( 1 Timothy 1:12) 1 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, according to the promise of life in Christ Jesus, 2 To Timothy, my beloved child: Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Pauls Second Epistle to Timothy was likely written sometime between A.D. 64 and 65 Find out here. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Thousands of New Testament references warn us against the dangers of false teaching, and Jesus himself faced opponents throughout His ministry. But this isnt the thinking of some respected complementarian New Testament scholars, such as Douglas Moo and Thomas Schreiner. The interpretation of the letters depends in part on who actually wrote them. These were tools Timothy was to use in his ministry. 1:3) and where the false teaching that Paul had addressed in his first letter to Timothy continued to be a problem (2 Tim. Your email address will not be published. [5] Implicit in this virtue was that the woman had restrained her passions and lived a chaste life. But I think the answer to the question is obvious: 1 Timothy 1:1-2. Acts 19:22; Ephesians 6:21-22; Titus 3:12; etc.). CharlesMcGonigal. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? Answer: "my true son in the faith". Paul addresses Timothy as his son in the faith. Timothy's family had been a help to Paul during his journeys and sometimes hard circumstances. Timothy followed Paul and was instructed by his teachings. The First Century Church and the Ministry of Women In the Bible, the final letter of Paul to the apostle Timothy was written between AD 65 and 67. 3:1 is episkopos. This makes most sense if both are in prison, especially given the risk inherent in naming an accomplice who remains free. Pauls thanksgiving for Gods mercy and favor were evident throughout his life. Scholars are almost unanimous that this last epistle was written from this great capital city. This time he did not expect to be released. Web2 Timothy 1:8,12,16 --Here St. Paul bids Timothy take courage, by thinking of the brave, patient example he was setting him in his Roman prison, undaunted and full of hope. There are no masculine personal pronouns in the Greek of this passage in the oldest surviving manuscripts, and the Greek word for man/ husband, occurs just once in this passage, in the idiom, husband of one wife.. 3:4), The First Century Church and the Ministry of Women. When Paul wrote his second letter to Timothy in Ephesus, he sent greetings to Timothy, to Priscilla and Aquila, and to the household of Onesiphorus (2 Tim. Pauls encouragement to Timothy highlights the importance of reading the Bible. 5 Paul was often directing and sending out men and women under his charge (cf. 3:2) and one-man woman (1 Tim. As I said, there wasnt a gender-inclusive version of this idiom. He was assured that he had fought the good fight and that a crown of righteousness was laid up for him (verses 7-8). He singles out members for special note. The chapter also features the only biblical mention of Linus (v. 21), who in Catholic tradition is listed as Peter's immediate successor as Bishop of Rome. The book of 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus are typically dated at the end of the first century, from 90100 A.D. Paul suffered Timothy had just been ordained as a bishop in the Ephesus church, and the church was under persecution under the Roman emperor Nero. Paul trusted him so much that he left Timothy in charge of the church at Ephesuswhere Paul had lived and loved for three years (longer than any other church 2 Timothy New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (Study Edition), Verses in the Book of Matthew That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of Mark That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of Luke That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of John That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of Acts That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of Romans That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of 1Corinthians That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of 2Corinthians That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of Galatians That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of 2Timothy That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses Where the Name Jehovah Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Matthew, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Mark, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Luke, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of John, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Acts, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Romans, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of 1Corinthians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of 2Corinthians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Ephesians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Colossians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of 1Thessalonians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of 2Thessalonians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of 2Timothy. . Read more overview of Pauls message and letters in the article Epistles of Paul.. The New Living Translation, as one example, makes the statement that a church leader must be a man, but this statement is not in the Greek. (2017). When I was going through this period when I had this dream and it seemed like the situations were dire this verse really stood out to me. One sense of the idiom was that a married person didnt marry again after their first spouse had died. Second Timothy is very personal. Web1,2 Timothy and Titus are known as the Pastoral Epistles. In his remarks on husband of one wife in his commentary on Titus, Luther states, that the idiom is behind the custom of so many centuries and the examples of so many saintly fathers. WebPaul wrote 2 Timothy, the last of his inspired letters, shortly before his martyrdom (ca. A.D. 67). if we deny him, he also will deny us; [1] We tend to rush past the introductions and greetings of the letters included in the canon of Scripture. Paul was released from his first Roman imprisonment for a short period of ministry during which he wrote 1 Timothy and Titus. If anyone aspires to be an overseer,[1]he desires a noble work. In addition, he is passing on the torch of leadership to Timothy in his last days. He wants Timothy to remember the life he had in Christ. Web2 Timothy contains one of Paul's Christological Hymns in 2:1113: It is a faithful saying: For if we be dead with him, we shall also live with him: If we suffer, we shall also reign with The problem with the husband of one wife phrase is that it is an idiom that is poorly understood. It appears Pauls final imprisonment was much more severe than his first stint in prison there. Your answer is a good example of how a Spirit empowered teacher would answer an honest and thoughtful inquiry. Paul thinks he will die soon (4:68), so he writes this final message to Timothy. While we may not be able to know the exact content of these letters, we can at least know that they are authentic. He wanted these men and women to have their sexual urges restrained and under control. All rights reserved. Not one shred. [10], Most scholars, both those arguing for and against its authenticity, are of the opinion that 2 Timothy belongs to a pseudepigraphic genre known as the testamentary genre or farewell discourse, the 'testament' genre contains two main elements: ethical warnings to be followed after the death of the writer and revelations of the future. 1:8; 2:9; see also "Introduction to 1 Timothy: Time and Place of Writing"). He met Timothy in Lystra, where he learned that Timothy was the son of a believing Jewess. This word is sometimes translated into English as bishop. Commenting onepiskopos in Philippians 1:1, Kevin Madigan and Carolyn Osiek observe, Episkoposcarried none of the connotations that the word bishop does today, or even after Ignatius of Antioch. Paul begins this chapter with 11 very powerful words: I charge you therefore before God and the Lord Jesus Christ. This is very serious. wrote 2 to Timothy: 1st & 2nd Timothy. (More about deacons in1 Timothy 3:813, here.). Jul 2020 - Present2 years 9 months. Precisely why he was under arrest, or even where he was arrested, is unknown. Luther disapproved of how the idiom was enforced in the Roman Catholic Church. This indicates Priscilla was a leading figure in the church in Rome. In this way, he is demonstrating to Timothy that he cannot let his circumstances dictate his destiny. WebPlace Written: Macedonia Writing Completed: c. 61-64 C.E. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: The Epistle of St. Paul the Apostle to Timothy. A:Thirteen epistles are traditionally attributed to St. Paul. He also undergirds his appeal to Timothy to endure hardships with the examples of his life and of Jesus. Like the envious Jews of Thessalonica, it seems the Roman leadership also felt that the Christianity Paul taught and lived had turned the world upside down (Acts 17:6). We believe 2 Timothy is the last book written by Paul that is included in the Bible. They do not use the distinctive writing style of Paul, nor do they contain Pauls distinctive vocabulary and pronouns. All my articles on 1 Timothy 3 are here. Paul valued Timothys reputation, and he wanted him to go on his journey. If we have died with him, we will also live with him; Paul longed to see him and described his feelings of being abandoned by many. Andreas J. Kstenberger, a staunch complementarian, recognises that the phrase in 1 Timothy 3:2 is an idiom. Web2 Timothy 1 Pauls Greeting to Timothy ( 1 Timothy 1:12) 1 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, according to the promise of life in Christ Jesus, 2 To Timothy, We also need to have some sense of the social matrices behind the language. Paul led Timothy to Christ (1:2,18; 1 Cor. It also involves being patient, kind, and persevering in the face of trials. He was born in England and now lives in New England. This is for two reasons: first, almost all pilots and lawyers were men at that time, and second, the convention of English in the past was to use words such as man and men without necessarily excluding women. In some of his letters, Paul provides lists of ministries and he does not exclude women from any of these ministries. ( 2Ti 1:16, 17; 4:6-8) Timothy was probably still in Ephesus, for Paul had encouraged him to They have connotations of camaraderie, service, and hard work. 13; New York: Paulist Press, 1951), 20. Tertullian,Ad Uxorem(To his Wife) 1.7 Thomas Schreiner argues, The requirements for elders in 1 Tim 3:17 and Titus 1:69, including the statement that they are to be one-woman men, does not necessarily in and of itself preclude women from serving as elders, but it does fit with such a conclusion (Source: pbpayne.com) (Dr Paynes new book will be available soon. The Word of God is the source of genuine godliness, and Paul believed that this approach would best serve the church in Ephesus. Citing slight differences between the texts of the Pastoral Epistles and those of other books written by Paul, these scholars argue that an anonymous author, who imitated Paul, wrote these epistles between A.D. 90 and 140. You can support my work for as little as $3 USD a month at Patreon.
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